Bolt-gun.



No. 632,094. Patented Aug. 29

J. M. BROWNING.

BOLT GUN.

(Application filed Feb. 17. 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1,

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2 SheetsSheet 2, n I

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JOHN M. BROWNING, OF OGDEN, UTAH, ASSIGNOR TO THE WINCHESTER REPEATINGARMS COMPANY, OF NEW nAvEN, CONNECTICUT.

BOLT-GUN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 632,094, dated August29, 1899.

Application filed February 17, 1899. b'erial No. 705,793. No modelJ Beit known that I, JOEL M. BROWNING, of Ogden, in the county of lVeber andState of Utah, have invented a new Improvement in Bolt-Guns; and I dohereby declare the following, when taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to bea full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which saiddrawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in--Figure 1, a view in side elevation of a gun constructed in accordancewith my invention; Fig. 2, a broken plan view thereof on an enlargedscale, showing the integral receiver ex= tension of the gun-barrel andthe bolt; Fig. 3, a broken view of the gun in vertical longitudinalsection; Fig. 4, a view of the gun in vertical transverse section on theline CL 1) of Fig. 2, looking rearward in the direction of the arrow 0;Fig. 5, a less comprehensive view of the gun in vertical transversesection on the line 0 cl of Fig. 3; Fig. 6, a broken view of the gun,partlyin elevation and partly in vertical section, showing the bolt inits closed but unlocked position; Fig. 7, a similar view showing thebolt in its open position; Fig. 8, a broken plan view of the gun-barrel,showing its receiver extension stripped of all the parts mountedtherein; Fig. 9, a perspective view of the bolt; Fig. 10, a perspectiveview of the hammer; Fig. 11, a detached plan view of the combinedextractor and sear.

Myinvention relates to an improvementin that class of bolt-guns in whichthe bolt is located in a bolt-housing formed in a rearward extension ofthe gun-barrel itself, the object being to produce at a low cost formanufacture a simple, safe, and elfeetive gun composed of few parts andnot liable to derangement.

A further object of my invention is to prod uce a gun in which thebarrel may be readily removed from the stock without the use of tools topermit the gun to be more compactly packed for transportation.

With these ends in View my invention consists in a gun having certaindetails of construction and combinations of parts, as will behereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In carrying out my invention I provide the barrel A at its buttrend withan integral receiver extension, which is separated, so to speak, fromthe barrel proper by means of a transversely-arranged loading-opening A,which extends downward below the axial cen= ter of the barrel. The saidreceiver extension may be said to consist of a tubular bolthousing A anda grooved reach or tie A which connects the same with the barrel. Thebolt B, which is cylindrical in cross-section, is located within thesaid bolt-housing A and at its forward end has bearing in the said reachor tie, which is concaved to conform to it in curvature. The said boltis furnished' witha radially-arranged handle 13', movable back and forthin a longitudinal clearance passage or slot A, extending throughout thelength of the housing and constituting the means for locking the bolt inits closed position, for when the handle emerges from the forward end ofthe slot A into the transverse opening A it is free to be swung to theright in position to be engaged with the right-hand portion of theforward end of the housing at the point B (seen in Fig. 2,) whereby thebolt is not only turned on its longitudinal axis, but also looked in itsclosed position. The bolt is itself formed witha longitudinalhammer-chamber B open at its rear end and extending nearly to itsforward end, where it terminates in a wall 13*. This hammer-chamberreceives the reciprocating hammer C, which is entered into it from itsrear end and which is provided at its forward end with a firing pin ornose 0, which passes through a small opening 17, formed in the wall 13just mentioned. lVhen the said firing-pin is projected through the saidopening, it engages with the head of the cartridgein thecartridge-chamber of the gunbarrel, into which the cartridges areentered through the transverse loading-opening A aforesaid. The saidhammer is also formed with alongitudinal spring-chamber C, entering itat its rear end and extending forward nearly to its forward end, whereit terminates in a solid wall C A spiral hammerspring D is inserted intothis spring-chamber 0 through the rear end thereof and is im pinged atits forward end against the wall C its rear end being engaged with atransverselyarranged pin D, mounted in the rear end of the bolt B andpassing through an elongated slot D formed in the hammer. The said pin Dnot only constitutes an abutment for the rear end of the spring D, butprevents the hammer from rotation within the bolt and limits itsreciprocation therein. The rear end of the spring-chamber 0, formed inthe hammer, is closed by an operating-button or finger-piece E, having astem E, which is secured within the hammer by means of a pin E. It willbe understood, of course, thatthe operating-button E, with its stem E,is removed for the introduction and removal of the hammer-spring. A verysimple and economical construction and one'easily accessible forattention and repair is thus provided. Moreover, the hammer-spring islocated entirely within the hammer and the firing-pin made integral withthe forward end thereof. These are obvious advantages. With this boltand hammer I employ a longitudinally and vertically movable combinedextractor and sear F, which is made in one piece and which is mainlylocated in a narrow recess G, formed in the gun-stock G. The upper edgeof this combined part extends upward through a long slot H, formed inthe reach or tie A of the receiver extension, the said recess G and slotH being long enough to permit the said part to be moved back and forth,as will be hereinafter explained, the rear wall H of the slot H limitingthe rearward movement of the said part, while the forward movementthereof is limited by the engagement of the extractorhook F with theforward wall of the notch f, formed in the rear end of the gun-barrelfor the reception of the said hook. 1 may here remark that the saidnotch f and the forward end of the slot H are adapted in form and sizeto provide enough clearance for the forward end of the said combinedpart to permit the play required forthe rocking movement thereof uponits lugs f f, as will be more fully described later on. The recess G isalso made deep enough to permit the required vertical movement of therear end of the said combined part. The sear-lug F which is located uponthe upper edge of the rear end of the said combined part, extends upwardinto a clearance-openin g B formed in the lower face of the bolt, therear end of the said opening being laterally enlarged, as at B Fig. 9.The said sear-lug also enters a cooking-notch J,

formed in the lower face of the reciprocating hammer G, which thesear-lug enters under the influence of a spring K,'located within therecess G. The rear end of the combined part ing a slight impulse to therearward or ex- I with the lower face of the barrel and reach A onopposite sides of the slot H, the main portion of which is located'inthe reach, but

which extends forward into the gun-barrel and rearward into thebolt-housin g, these lugs preventing the forward end of the combinedpart from undue 'upward movement and acting as pivot-pins, upon whichthe part virtually swings, while its rear end moves upward and downwardfor cooking the hammer and releasing the same. 1

The gun-barrel and its connected parts are secured in place by means ofa removable or take-down screw N, which passes upward through thegun-stock into a heavy lug O,

which may be dovetailed into the gun-barrel,

as-show'n, or made integral therewith. B removing the said take-downscrew N the barrel and all of its connected parts may be readily removedfrom the gun-stock and readily replaced therein, at which time careshould be taken to cause the finger L of the trigger to enter the notchF in the said combined extractor and sear.

In order to load the gun, the handle is lifted from its lockedpositionof engagement with that portion of the forward edge of thetubular bolt-housing lying just below the loweror right-hand wall of thelongitudinal clearanceslot formed therein. When the handle has beenbrought into registration with the said slot, during which time the bolthas been rotated, the bolt may be retracted into its open position, whenits forward end is withdrawn into the forward end of the tubularbolt-housin g,'so as to leave the transverse loading-opening entirelyunobstructed to permit a cartridge to be readily entered into thecartridgechamberof the gun-barrel. Shortly before the bolt reaches itsopen position the forward edge of the "sear-lug F is brought intoengagement with the extreme forward end of the clearance-slotB formed inthe lower face of the bolt. After this engagement takes place thecombined extractor and sear is drawn back until the extreme rear end ofthe said combined part is brought into engagement with the extreme rearend of the slot H,

formed in the reach or tie of the receiver extension, whereby therearward movement of the bolt is arrested and the bolt prevented fromdisengagement from the gun. A cartridge is now entered into thecartridge-chamber of the gun-barrel, after which the bolt is roo rearedge of the extractor-hook, the bolt picks up the combined part, so tospeak,and pushes it forward into its home position, during which timethe combined extractor-andsear spring K rides over the nose F and thenengages with the beveled rear face thereof. The bolt is now locked inits closed position by turning its handle down into engagement with theforward edge of the bolt-housing, as already described, at which timethe bolt is rotated on its longitudinal axis. The operating button isnow seized and the hammer drawn back against the tension of its springto bring the cocking-opening formed in its lower face into engagementwith the sear-lug, which is then immediatelylifted into the said notchfor cooking the hammer by the lifting action of the combinedextractor-and-sear spring K. It may be here mentioned that the saidcockingnotch is only brought into registration with the sear-lug whenthe bolt and hence the hammer are in their locked or closed positious,for at other times the sear-lug simply rides upon the exterior surfaceof the lower portion of the hammer. The hammer having been cooked thegun is fired by pulling the trigger, which pulls the sear-lug down outof the cocking-notch and permits the hammerspring to project the hammerforward with sufiioient force to cause the firing-pin to explode thecartridge. I should here explain that the cooking of the hammer by theentrance of the sear-lug into the cocking-notch thereof locks the boltin its closed position, for the bolt cannot be rotated unless the hammerrotates and the hammer cannot be retated as long as the sear-lug isentered into its cocking-notch. The pulling of the trigger, however,unlocks the bolt and permits it to be turned back to bring thehandleinto line with the clearance-passage of the bolthousing,afterwhich the boltis retracted,without, however, disturbing the combinedextractor and sear, until in the rearward movement of the bolt theforward end wall of the clearanceopening formed therein engages with theforward edge of the sear-lug, at which time the combined extractor andsear is picked up, so to speak, by the bolt and drawn rearward againstthe tension of the combined extractor and sear-spring, which, when itsnaps over the nose of the said combined part, pushes the same rearwardwith a sudden movement, assisting more or less in the extraction andejection of the spent shell.

It is obvious that in carrying out my invention I may make some changesin the construction herein shown and described, and I therefore wish itto be understood that I do not limit myself thereto, but hold myself atliberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly fall within thespirit and scope of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a bolt-gun, the combination with a gun-barrel formed at itsbutt-end with an integral receiver extension comprising a tubularbolt-housing formed with a longitudinal slot, and a reach formed with adownwardly openinglongitudinal slot; of a longitudinallymovable androtatable bolt mounted in the said receiver extension and provided witha radially-arranged operating-handle which is movable back and forth inthe longitudinal slot of the bolt-housing, a reciprocating hammerlocated within the bolt, and a combined extractor and sear located belowthe said reach, but extending upward into the longitudinal slot therein,and adapted at its for ward end to be directly engaged by the bolt forbeing pushed forward thereby and at its rear end to be directly engagedby the bolt for being drawn rearward thereby, the forward end of thesaid part acting as an extractor, and the rear end of the said partactiug as a scar by engaging with the hammer.

2. In a bolt-gun, the combination with a bolt having a hammer-chamberopen at its rear end, of a reciprocating hammer located within the saidhammer-chamber, projecting rearward beyond the rear end of the saidbolt, and formed with a hammer-spring chamber open at its rear end, aham mer-spring which is introduced into and removed from the said hammer-spring chamber through the open rear end thereof, anoperating-button or finger-piece formed independently of the hammer andadapted to be secured thereto so as to close the rear end of the saidhammer-spring chamber and a combined part located below the said bolt,adapted at its forward end to act as an extractor and at its rear end asa sear, and to be engaged by the bolt which slides it forward and back.

3. In a bolt-gun, the combination with a bolt formed with a hammer-chamber open at its rear end, and closed at its forward end by awall provided with a firing-pin opening, of a reciprocating hammerlocated within the said chamber, provided at its forward end with afiring-pin arranged to pass through the said firing-pin opening, and thesaid hammer being formed with a hammer-spring chamber open at its rearend which projects beyond the rear end of the bolt, a hammer-springwhich is introduced into and removed from the said hammer-spring chamberthrough the open rear end thereof, a removable operating-button orfinger-piece adapted to be attached to the projecting rear end of thehammer, and to close the rear end of the hammer-spring chamber and acombined part lo cated below the said bolt which coacts with it to moveit forward and back, and adapted at its forward end to act as anextractor and at its rear end to act as a sear.

4. In a bolt-gun, the combination with a gun-barrel formed at itsbutt-end with an integral receiver extension comprising a tubularbolt-housing and a reach having a longitudinal slot, the said reachbeing locatedentirely below a transversely-arranged loadingop'eningseparating the cartridge-chamber of the gun-barrel from the saidhousing; of a longitudinally-movable and rotatable bolt mounted in thesaid receiver extension, provided with an operating-handle, and formedwith a hammer-chamben'a hammer located in the said hammer-chamber fromthe rear end of which it projects, and provided with a hammer-springchamber, a pin passing through the said bolt and extending through aslot formed in the rear end of the hammer for securing the same to thebolt, a hammerspring introduced into and removed from the saidhammer-spring chamber through the open rear end thereof, and abutting atits rear end against the said pin, an operating button or finger-piecesecured to the projecting rear end of the hammer, and removed for theinsertion and introduction of the hammer-spring, and a combinedextractor and sear extending into the longitudinal slot of the reachin'which it is moved back and forth by the bolt, and adapted at itsforward end to act as an extractor, and at its rear end to act as asear.

5. In a bolt-gun, the combination with a longitudinally-chambered boltprovided in its lower face with a clearance-opening, of a reciprocatinghammer located within the said bolt and formed with a cocking-notchregistering with the said clearance-opening, and a sear passing upwardthrough the said clearance-opening in' the bolt and entering the saidcocking-notch in the hammer, the said sear being formed at its forwardend so as to constitute an extractor and adapted to be engaged by thebolt which slides it rearward for the performance of its extractingfunction and which slides it forward into its home position.

6.7In a bolt-gun, the combination with a gun-barrel formed at itsbutt-end with an integral receiver extension comprising a tubularbolt-housing and a reach, which latter lies below atransversely-arranged loadingopening located between thecartridge-chamber of the barrel and the said housing, of alongitudinallymovable and rotatable bolt mounted in the said housing,and a longitudinally-movable combined extractor and sear provided atits'forward end with an extractor-hook and at its rear end with ascarlug which enters a cocking-notch formed in the hammer through aclearance-opening formed in the bolt.

7. In-a bolt-gun, the combination with the barrel thereof, of alongitudinally-movable and rotatable bolt, a longitudinally-movablehammer located within the said bolt, and formed with a cocking-notch,anda combined extractor and sear located below the pathway of the bolt,and provided at its forward end,

with an extractor-hook, and at its rear end with a sear-lug which entersthe cookingnotch of the hammer through a. clearanceopening formed in thebolt and locks the bolt against rotation as well as reciprocatiomwhenthe hammer is cooked.

8. In a bolt-gun, the combination with the barrel thereof, of alongitudinally-movable and rotatable bolt, a longitudinally-movablehammer located within the bolt and formed with a cocking-notch, acombined extractor and sear located below the path of the bolt, andformed at its forward end with an extractor-hook and at its rear endwith a searlug which enters the cocking-notch of the hammer through aclearance-opening formed in the bolt, a nose located upon the lower faceof the combined extractor and sear, and a spring engaging with the loweredge of the said combined part, and coactingwith the nose to give thepart a rearward impulse in the ejection of spent cartridges, andcoacting with the said nose to retard the forward movement of the partin the closing of the gun.

9. In a bolt-gun, the combination with the bolt thereof, of areciprocating hammer mounted therein, a trigger, and alongitudinally-movable combined extractor and sear I located below thebolt which moves back and forth over it, and which as well as thehammerhas reciprocating movement independent of it and by which it isdirectly engaged at its forward end for being pushed forward, and bywhich it is directly engaged at its rear end for being drawn rearward,its forward end acting as an extractor and its rear end coacting withthe hammer as a scar and adapted to be engaged by the trigger.

10. In a bolt-gun, the combination with the bolt thereof, of alongitudinally and vertically movable combined extractor and searlocated below the bolt which moves back and forth over it, and adaptedat its forward end to act as an extractor and at its rear end to act asa scar, and also adapted to be engaged by a trigger, and provided at itsforward end with lateral extensions upon which it swings as upon apivot, but which do not prevent its sliding movement back and forthunder the action of the bolt, which also has reciprocating movementindependent of it.

11. In a bolt-gun, the combination with a gun-barrel formed at itsbutt-end with an integral receiver extension comprising atubularbolt-housing and a reach which latter is formed in its bottom portionwith a long slot,of a longitudinally-movable and rotatable bolt, mountedin the said housing, a longitudinallymovable hammer located within thesaid bolt and formed with a cocking-notch, a combined extractor andsear, having longitudinal and vertical movement in the slot formed inthe ing its rear end downward out of the cookingreach, adapted at itsforward end to act as i an extractor, and at its rear end to act as asear by entering a cocking-notch formed in the hammer through aclearance-opening formed in the bolt, a spring engaging with notch ofthe hammer in firing the gun.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN M. BRONNING.

the lower edge of the said combined part for Witnesses: operating andcontrolling it, and a trigger en- 1 WM. F. ORITOHLOW, gaging with thesaid combined part for draw- M. J. HALL.

